For co-ordinated approaches on climate action, carbon pricing, and policy spillovers

Five international organisations today released a landmark report that outlines pathways for co-ordinated approaches on climate action, carbon pricing, and the cross-border effects of climate change mitigation policies with a view to achieving global climate goals.

Ins and outs

The report was presented on 23 October by the Joint Task Force on Climate Action, Carbon Pricing, and Policy Spillovers, convened by the World Trade Organization and joined by the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the World Bank.

Entitled Working Together for Better Climate Action: Carbon Pricing, Policy Spillovers, and Global Climate Goals, the report arrives at a time when countries around the world are scaling up actions to curb climate change. Mitigation policies are on the rise, including carbon pricing policies, with 75 carbon taxes and emission trading schemes currently in effect worldwide, covering approximately 24 per cent of global emissions.

Évolutions

The report stresses that climate action needs to be stepped up to meet global emission reduction targets, while contributing to broader development goals. It also makes four important contributions to that end:

• The report provides a common understanding of carbon pricing metrics to improve transparency on how countries are shifting incentives for decarbonisation.

• The report examines the composition of climate change mitigation policies, emphasising the important role of carbon pricing as a cost-effective instrument that also raises revenues.

• It outlines how international organisations can support the co-ordination of policies to foster positive and limit negative cross-border spillovers from climate change mitigation policies. The report also analyses the advantages and disadvantages of carbon border adjustment policies, including their impact on developing countries.

• It shows how such co-ordination can help to scale up climate action by closing the transparency, implementation and ambition gaps.

The report also makes clear that international organisations' future work can help fill important knowledge gaps. These include a need for more granular and better data on embedded carbon prices and embedded emissions, the design of border adjustment policies and their interoperability, and other approaches to enhance co-operation to increase ambition and ensure a just transition for all.

Comments

OECD Secretary-General Mathias Cormann said: “Countries currently take different approaches to reduce emissions, but achieving net zero requires us to align these efforts for a truly global impact. The OECD’s Inclusive Forum on Carbon Mitigation Approaches, now with 59 members, is bringing together national perspectives and building a common understanding of climate policies and their effects. More coherent and better-co-ordinated global mitigation policies can help prevent negative cross-border impacts such as carbon leakage or trade distortions, while maximising opportunities for innovation, cost savings and shared benefits from the climate transition.” 

WTO Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala said: "Trade-related climate policies are on the rise, with over 5 500 measures linked to climate objectives notified to the WTO from 2009-22. Such policies lead to cross-border spillovers which can increase trade tensions and retaliatory trade actions. Future work by international organisations should focus on concrete ways to come to the co-ordination of more ambitious carbon pricing policies which help to close the climate action gap and address their cross-border spillovers. This may require a framework to ensure interoperability between carbon pricing and other climate mitigation policies."

IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva said: “This joint report of the five institutions highlights why carbon pricing and equivalent policies are important to scale up climate action. Global emissions need to be cut urgently to put the world on track to achieve the Paris goals and global ambition needs to be doubled to quadrupled. Carbon pricing should be an integral part of a well-designed policy mix, complemented with public investment support and sectoral policies, and international co-ordination on mitigation action could unlock progress.”

UNCTAD Secretary-General Rebeca Grynspan stated: "To ensure a just and green transition, UNCTAD encourages and supports developing countries in crafting the right policy mix to advance climate mitigation. We are strengthening our research and providing a safe space for dialogue to ensure that climate-related measures, including Border Carbon Adjustments mechanisms (BCAs) are evidence based and minimize negative spillovers on developing countries and other sustainable development goals. This is especially critical for less advanced economies, which often have limited productive capacity, infrastructure for monitoring, verification, reporting, and fiscal space. We are committed to helping developing countries decarbonise and diversify their economies by seizing environmental-related export opportunities and working with our member states to reduce the compliance and trade costs associated with these transitions." 

Axel van Trotsenburg, World Bank’s Senior Managing Director (SMD), said: "Through its technical assistance and financing, the World Bank helps countries make sure climate policies are tailored to each country's context, capacities, political constraints, and development priorities. We think carbon pricing can play a central role in these policies, because it provides the right incentive for the private sector and creates public revenues to support broad development progress and help vulnerable populations manage the green energy transition. But with every country introducing their own climate policies, there is also a growing need for more co-operation and co-ordination. The product of in-depth exchanges across five international organisations, this report provides concrete ideas to make sure climate policies are designed in ways that benefit lower-income economies and help them accelerate their development, create jobs, and participate in global value chains."

Read the report

The report is available here.